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Here in this year [991] Olaf came with ninety-three ships to Folkestone, and raided round about it, and then went from there to Sandwich, and so from there to Ipswich, and overran all that, and so to Maldon. And Ealdorman Byrhtnoth came against them there with his army and fought with them; and they killed the ealdorman there and had possession of the place of slaughter. (Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Winchester MS)
- T h e B a t t l e
o f M a l d o n
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- . . . . . . . . . . . . . brocen wurde.
Het tha hyssa hwæne | hors forlætan,
feor afysan, | and fordh gangan,
hicgan to handum | and t[o] hige godum.
- 5
- Th[a] thæt Offan mæg | ærest onfunde,
thæt se eorl nolde | yrhdho getholian,
he let him tha of handon | leofne fleogan
hafoc widh thæs holtes, | and to thære hilde stop;
be tham man mihte oncnawan | thæt se cniht nolde
- 10
- wacian æt tham w[i]ge, | tha he to wæpnum feng.
Eac him wolde Eadric | his ealdre gelæstan,
frean to gefeohte, | ongan tha fordh beran
gar to guthe. | He hæfde god gethanc
tha hwile the he mid handum | healdan mihte
- 15
- bord and bradswurd; | beot he gelæste
tha he ætforan his frean | feohtan sceolde.
Dha thær Byrhtnodh ongan | beornas trymian,
rad and rædde, | rincum tæhte
hu hi sceoldon standan | and thone stede healdan,
- 20
- and bæd thæt hyra randa[s] | rihte heoldon
fæste mid folman, | and ne forhtedon na.
Tha he hæfde thæt folc | fægere getrymmed,
he lihte tha mid leodon | thær him leofost wæs,
thær he his heordhwerod | holdost wiste.
- 25
- tha stod on stædhe, | stidhlice clypode
wicinga ar, | wordum mælde,
se on beot abead | brimlithendra
ærænde to tham eorle, | thær he on ofre stod:
«Me sendon to the | sæmen snelle,
- 30
- heton dhe secgan | thæt thu most sendan radhe
beagas widh gebeorge; | and eow betere is
thæt ge thisne garræs | mid gafole forgyldon,
thon we swa hearde [hi]lde dælon.
Ne thurfe we us spillan, | gif ge spedath to tham;
- 35
- we willadh widh tham golde | gridh fæstnian.
Gyf thu that gerædest, | the her ricost eart,
thæt thu thine leoda | lysan wille,
syllan sæmannum | on hyra sylfra dom
feoh widh freode, | and niman fridh æt us,
- 40
- we willath mid tham sceattum | us to scype gangan,
on flot feran, | and eow frithes healdan.»
Byrhtnodh mathelode, | bord hafenode,
wand wacne æsc, | wordum mælde,
yrre and anræd | ageaf him andsware:
- 45
- «Gehyrst thu, sælida, | hwæt this folc segedh?
Hi willadh eow to gafole | garas syllan,
ættrynne ord | and ealde swurd,
tha heregeatu | the eow æt hilde ne deah.
Brimmanna boda, | abeod eft ongean,
- 50
- sege thinum leodum | miccle lathre spell,
thæt her stynt unforcudh | eorl mid his werode,
the wile gealgean | ethel thysne,
æthelredes eard, | ealdres mines,
folc and foldan. | Feallan sceolon
- 55
- hæthene æt hilde. | To heanlic me thincedh
thæt ge mid urum sceattum | to scype gangon
unbefohtene, | nu ge thus feor hider
on urne eard | in becomon.
Ne sceole ge swa softe | sinc gegangan;
- 60
- us sceal ord and ecg | ær geseman,
grim gudhplega, | ær [w]e gofol syllon.»
Het tha bord beran, | beornas gangan,
thæt hi on tham eastedhe | ealle stodon.
Ne mihte thær for wætere | werod to tham odhrum;
- 65
- thær com flowende | flod æfter ebban,
lucon lagustreamas. | To lang hit him thuhte,
hwænne hi togædere | garas beron.
Hi thær Pantan stream | mid prasse bestodon,
Eastseaxena ord | and se æschere.
- 70
- Ne mihte hyra ænig | othrum derian,
buton hwa thurh flanes flyht | fyl gename.
Se flod ut gewat; | tha flotan stodon gearowe,
wicinga fela, | wiges georne.
Het tha hæledha hleo | healdan tha bricge
- 75
- wigan wigheardne, | se wæs haten Wulfstan,
cafne mid his cynne, | thæt wæs Ceolan sunu,
the dhone forman man | mid his francan ofsceat
the thær baldlicost | on tha bricge stop.
Thær stodon mid Wulfstane | wigan unforhte,
- 80
- ælfere and Maccus, | modige twegen,
tha noldon æt tham forda | fleam gewyrcan,
ac hi fæstlice | widh dha fynd weredon,
tha hwile the hi wæpna | wealdan moston.
Tha hi thæt ongeaton | and georne gesawon
- 85
- thæt hi thær bricgweardas | bitere fundon,
ongunnon lytegian tha | ladhe gystas,
bædon thæt hi upgangan | agan moston,
ofer thone ford faran, | fethan lædan.
Dha se eorl ongan | for his ofermode
- 90
- alyfan landes to fela | lathere dheode.
Ongan ceallian tha | ofer cald wæter
Byrhtelmes bearn | (beornas gehlyston):
«Nu eow is gerymed, | gadh ricene to us,
guman to guthe; | god ana wat
- 95
- hwa thære wælstowe | wealdan mote.»
Wodon tha wælwulfas | (for wætere ne murnon),
wicinga werod, | west ofer Pantan,
ofer scir wæter | scyldas wegon,
lidmen to lande | linde bæron.
- 100
- Thær ongean gramum | gearowe stodon
Byrhtnodh mid beornum; | he mid bordum het
wyrcan thone wihagan, | and thæt werod healdan
fæste widh feondum. | tha wæs f[e]ohte neh,
tir æt getohte. | Wæs seo tid cumen
- 105
- thæt thær fæge men | feallan sceoldon.
Thær weardh hream ahafen, | hremmas wundon,
earn æses georn; | wæs on eorthan cyrm.
Hi leton tha of folman | feolhearde speru,
[grimme] gegrundene | garas fleogan;
- 110
- bogan wæron bysige, | bord ord onfeng.
Biter wæs se beaduræs, | beornas feollon
on gehwædhere hand, | hyssas lagon.
Wund wear[dh] Wulfmær, | wælræste geceas,
Byrhtnodhes mæg; | he mid billum weardh,
- 115
- his swuster sunu, | swidhe forheawen.
Thær wear[dh] wicingum | witherlean agyfen.
Gehyrde ic thæt Eadweard | anne sloge
swidhe mid his swurde, | swenges ne wyrnde,
thæt him æt fotum | feoll fæge cempa;
- 120
- thæs him his dheoden | thanc gesæde,
tham burthene, | tha he byre hæfde.
Swa stemnetton | stidhhicgende
hysas æt hilde, | hogodon georne
hwa thær mid orde | ærost mihte
- 125
- on fægean men | feorh gewinnan,
wigan mid wæpnum; | wæl feol on eordhan.
Stodon stædefæste; | stihte hi Byrhtnodh,
bæd thæt hyssa gehwylc | hogode to wige
the on Denon wolde | dom gefeohtan.
- 130
- Wod tha wiges heard, | wæpen up ahof,
bord to gebeorge, | and widh thæs beornes stop.
Eode swa anræd | eorl to tham ceorle,
ægther hyra odhrum | yfeles hogode.
Sende dha se særinc | sutherne gar,
- 135
- thæt gewundod weardh | wigena hlaford;
he sceaf tha mid dham scylde, | thæt se sceaft tobærst,
and thæt spere sprengde, | thæt hit sprang ongean.
Gegremod weardh se gudhrinc; | he mid gare stang
wlancne wicing, | the him tha wunde forgeaf.
- 140
- Frod wæs se fyrdrinc; | he let his francan wadan
thurh dhæs hysses hals, | hand wisode
thæt he on tham færsceadhan | feorh geræhte.
Dha he otherne | ofstlice sceat,
thæt seo byrne tobærst; | he wæs on breostum wund
- 145
- thurh dha hringlocan, | him æt heortan stod
ætterne ord. | Se eorl wæs the blithra,
hloh tha, modi man, | sæde metode thanc
dhæs dægweorces | the him drihten forgeaf.
Forlet tha drenga sum | darodh of handa,
- 150
- fleogan of folman, | thæt se to fordh gewat
thurh dhone æthelan | æthelredes thegen.
Him be healfe stod | hyse unweaxen,
cniht on gecampe, | se full caflice
bræd of tham beorne | blodigne gar,
- 155
- Wulfstanes bearn, | Wulfmær se geonga,
forlet forheardne | faran eft ongean;
ord in gewod, | thæt se on eorthan læg
the his theoden ær | thearle geræhte.
Eode tha gesyrwed | secg to tham eorle;
- 160
- he wolde thæs beornes | beagas gefecgan,
reaf and hringas | and gerenod swurd.
Tha Byrhtnodh bræd | bill of scedhe,
brad and bruneccg, | and on tha byrnan sloh.
To rathe hine gelette | lidmanna sum,
- 165
- tha he thæs eorles | earm amyrde.
Feoll tha to foldan | fealohilte swurd;
ne mihte he gehealdan | heardne mece,
wæpnes wealdan. | tha gyt thæt word gecwædh
har hilderinc, | hyssas bylde,
- 170
- bæd gangan fordh | gode geferan;
ne mihte tha on fotum leng | fæste gest[a]ndan.
He to heofenum wlat:
«Gethanc[i]e the, | dheoda waldend,
ealra thæra wynna | the ic on worulde gebad.
- 175
- Nu ic ah, milde metod, | mæste thearfe
thæt thu minum gaste | godes geunne,
thæt min sawul to dhe | sidhian mote
on thin geweald, | theoden engla,
mid frithe ferian. | Ic eom frymdi to the
- 180
- thæt hi helsceadhan | hynan ne moton.»
Dha hine heowon | hædhene scealcas
and begen tha beornas | the him big stodon,
ælfnodh and Wulmær | begen lagon,
dha onemn hyra frean | feorh gesealdon.
- 185
- Hi bugon tha fram beaduwe | the thær beon noldon.
Thær w[eardh] Oddan bearn | ærest on fleame,
Godric fram guthe, | and thone godan forlet
the him mænigne oft | mear gesealde;
he gehleop thone eoh | the ahte his hlaford,
- 190
- on tham gerædum | the hit riht ne wæs,
and his brodhru mid him | begen ær[n]don,
God[w]ine and Godwig, | guthe ne gymdon,
ac wendon fram tham wige | and thone wudu sohton,
flugon on thæt fæsten | and hyra feore burgon,
- 195
- and manna ma | thonne hit ænig mædh wære,
gyf hi tha geearnunga | ealle gemundon
the he him to duguthe | gedon hæfde.
Swa him Offa on dæg | ær asæde
on tham methelstede, | tha he gemot hæfde,
- 200
- thæt thær mod[e]lice | manega spræcon
the eft æt th[ea]r[f]e | tholian noldon.
Tha weardh afeallen | thæs folces ealdor,
æthelredes eorl; | ealle gesawon
heordhgeneatas | thæt hyra heorra læg.
- 205
- Tha dhær wendon fordh | wlance thegenas,
unearge men | efston georne;
hi woldon tha ealle | odher twega,
lif forlæt[a]n | odhdhe leofne gewrecan.
Swa hi bylde fordh | bearn ælfrices,
- 210
- wiga wintrum geong, | wordum mælde,
ælfwine tha cwædh, | he on ellen spræc:
«Gemunu tha mæla | the we oft æt meodo spræcon,
thonne we on bence | beot ahofon,
hæledh on healle, | ymbe heard gewinn;
- 215
- nu mæg cunnian | hwa cene sy.
Ic wylle mine æthelo | eallum gecythan,
thæt ic wæs on Myrcon | miccles cynnes;
wæs min ealda fæder | Ealhelm haten,
wis ealdorman, | woruldgesælig.
- 220
- Ne sceolon me on thære theode | thegenas ætwitan
thæt ic of dhisse fyrde | feran wille,
eard gesecan, | nu min ealdor ligedh
forheawen æt hilde. | Me is thæt hearma mæst;
he wæs æg[dh]er min mæg | and min hlaford.»
- 225
- Tha he fordh eode, | fæhdhe gemunde,
thæt he mid orde | anne geræhte
flotan on tham folce, | thæt se on foldan læg
forwegen mid his wæpne. | Ongan tha winas manian,
frynd and geferan, | thæt hi fordh eodon.
- 230
- Offa gemælde, | æscholt asceoc:
«Hwæt thu, ælfwine, hafast | ealle gemanode
thegenas to thearfe, | nu ure theoden lidh,
eorl on eordhan. | Us is eallum thearf
thæt ure æghwylc | otherne bylde
- 235
- wigan to wige, | tha hwile the he wæpen mæge
habban and healdan, | heardne mece,
gar and godswurd. | Us Godric hæfdh,
earh Oddan bearn, | ealle beswicene.
Wende thæs formoni man, | tha he on meare rad,
- 240
- on wlancan tham wicge, | thæt wære hit ure hlaford;
forthan weardh her on felda | folc totwæmed,
scyldburh tobrocen. | Abreodhe his angin,
thæt he her swa manigne | man aflymde!»
Leofsunu gemælde | and his linde ahof,
- 245
- bord to gebeorge; | he tham beorne oncwædh:
«Ic thæt gehate, | thæt ic heonon nelle
fleon fotes trym, | ac wille furdhor gan,
wrecan on gewinne | minne winedrihten.
Ne thurfon me embe Sturmere | stedefæste hælædh
- 250
- wordum ætwitan, | nu min wine gecranc,
thæt ic hlafordleas | ham sidhie,
wende fram wige, | ac me sceal wæpen niman,
ord and iren.» | He ful yrre wod,
feaht fæstlice, | fleam he forhogode.
- 255
- Dunnere tha cwædh, | darodh acwehte,
unorne ceorl, | ofer eall clypode,
bæd thæt beorna gehwylc | Byrhtnodh wr[æ]ce:
«Ne mæg na wandian | se the wrecan thencedh
frean on folce, | ne for feore murnan.»
- 260
- Tha hi fordh eodon, | feores hi ne rohton;
ongunnon tha hiredmen | heardlice feohtan,
grame garberend, | and god bædon
thæt hi moston gewrecan | hyra winedrihten
and on hyra feondum | fyl gewyrcan.
- 265
- Him se gysel ongan | geornlice fylstan;
he wæs on Nordhhymbron | heardes cynnes,
Ecglafes bearn, | him wæs æscferdh nama.
He ne wandode na | æt tham wigplegan,
ac he fysde fordh | flan genehe;
- 270
- hwilon he on bord sceat, | hwilon beorn tæsde,
æfre embe stunde | he sealde sume wunde,
tha hwile dhe he wæpna | wealdan moste.
Tha gyt on orde stod | Eadweard se langa,
gearo and geornful, | gylpwordum spræc
- 275
- thæt he nolde fleogan | fotmæl landes,
ofer bæc bugan, | tha his betera leg.
He bræc thone bordweall | and widh tha beornas feaht,
odhthæt he his sincgyfan | on tham sæmannum
wurdhlice wrec, | ær he on wæle l[æ]ge.
- 280
- Swa dyde ætheric, | æthele gefera,
fus and fordhgeorn, | feaht eornoste.
Sibyrhtes brodhor | and swidhe mænig other
clufon cellod bord, | cene hi weredon;
bærst bordes lærig, | and seo byrne sang
- 285
- gryreleodha sum. | tha æt gudhe sloh
Offa thone sælidan, | thæt he on eordhan feoll,
and dhær Gaddes mæg | grund gesohte.
Radhe weardh æt hilde | Offa forheawen;
he hæfde dheah geforthod | thæt he his frean gehet,
- 290
- swa he beotode ær | widh his beahgifan
thæt hi sceoldon begen | on burh ridan,
hale to hame, | odhdhe on here crin[c]gan,
on wælstowe | wundum sweltan;
he læg dhegenlice | dheodne gehende.
- 295
- Dha weardh borda gebræc. | Brimmen wodon,
gudhe gegremode; | gar oft thurhwod
fæges feorhhus. | For[dh] tha eode Wistan,
thurstanes sun[u], | widh thas secgas feaht;
he wæs on gethrang[e] | hyra threora bana,
- 300
- ær him Wigelines bearn | on tham wæle læge.
Thær wæs stidh gemot; | stodon fæste
wigan on gewinne, | wigend cruncon,
wundum werige. | Wæl feol on eorthan.
Oswold and Eadwold | ealle hwile,
- 305
- begen tha gebrothru, | beornas trymedon,
hyra winemagas | wordon bædon
thæt hi thær æt dhearfe | tholian sceoldon,
unwaclice | wæpna neotan.
Byrhtwold mathelode | bord hafenode
- 310
- (se wæs eald geneat), | æsc acwehte;
he ful baldlice | beornas lærde:
«Hige sceal the heardra, | heorte the cenre,
mod sceal the mare, | the ure mægen lytladh.
Her lidh ure ealdor | eall forheawen,
- 315
- god on greote. | A mæg gnornian
se dhe nu fram this wigplegan | wendan thencedh.
Ic eom frod feores; | fram ic ne wille,
ac ic me be healfe | minum hlaforde,
be swa leofan men, | licgan thence.»
- 320
- Swa hi æthelgares bearn | ealle bylde,
Godric to guthe. | Oft he gar forlet,
wælspere windan | on tha wicingas,
swa he on tham folce | fyrmest eode,
heow and hynde, | o[dh]æt he on hilde gecranc.
- 325
- Næs thæt na se Godric | the dha gu[dh]e forbeah
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